Mustapha RAKRAK
Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v8-i03-47Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT:
This article explores key measures of variability—range, variance, and standard deviation—and examines their significance in data analysis. While measures of central tendency, such as the mean, provide valuable insights into the central value of a dataset, they fail to reveal the spread, consistency, or outliers that may significantly affect the interpretation of data. By focusing on the extent of dispersion, measures of variability offer a deeper understanding of how data points deviate from the mean, enabling researchers to assess data consistency, predictability, and potential risks. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of each measure, emphasizing the role of standard deviation in interpreting data variability. Furthermore, the empirical rule is introduced as a key concept associated with standard deviation, illustrating how it can be used to understand data distribution, particularly in normally distributed datasets. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate measures of variability for accurate and meaningful data analysis.
KEYWORDS:range, variance, standard deviation, measures of variability, empirical rule, normal distribution, semi-interquartile range
REFERENCES1) Ary, D., Jacob, L. C., Irvine, C. S., & Walker, D. (2018). Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning.
2) Biau, D. J. (2016). Statistics for clinical studies: A practical guide. Springer.
3) Christensen, B. L., Johnson, R. B., & Turner, L. A. (2011). Research methods, design, and analysis. Pearson.
4) Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Sage.
5) Huber, P. J. (2004). Robust statistics (2nd ed.). Wiley-Interscience.
6) Lane, D. M. (2016). Online statistics education: A multimedia course of study. Retrieved from http://onlinestatbook.com/
7) Larson-Hall, J. (2015). A guide to doing statistics in second language research using SPSS and R. Routledge.
8) Lazaraton, A., & Hatch, E. (1991). The research manual: Design and statistics for applied linguistics. Heinle & Heinle.
9) Lunenburg, F. C., & Irby, B. J. (2008). Writing a successful thesis or dissertation: Tips and strategies for students in the social and behavioral sciences. Corwin Press.
10) Mendenhall, W., & Sincich, T. (2013). A second course in statistics: Regression analysis (7th ed.). Pearson.
11) Moore, D. S., McCabe, G. P., & Craig, B. A. (2017). Introduction to the practice of statistics (9th ed.). W.H. Freeman.
12) Sheskin, D. J. (2011). Handbook of parametric and nonparametric statistical procedures (5th ed.). CRC Press.
13) Weiss, N. A. (2012). Introductory statistics (9th ed.). Pearson.
14) Wilcox, R. R. (2017). Introduction to robust estimation and hypothesis testing (4th ed.). Academic Press.
Volume 08 Issue 03 March 2025
There is an Open Access article, distributed under the term of the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits remixing, adapting and building upon the work for non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.
Our Services and Policies
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected.
The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis will publish 12 monthly online issues per year,IJMRA publishes articles as soon as the final copy-edited version is approved. IJMRA publishes articles and review papers of all subjects area.
Open access is a mechanism by which research outputs are distributed online, Hybrid open access journals, contain a mixture of open access articles and closed access articles.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis initiate a call for research paper for Volume 08 Issue 04 (April 2025).
PUBLICATION DATES:
1) Last Date of Submission : 26 April 2025.
2) Article published within a week.
3) Submit Article : editor@ijmra.in or Online
Why with us
1 : IJMRA only accepts original and high quality research and technical papers.
2 : Paper will publish immediately in current issue after registration.
3 : Authors can download their full papers at any time with digital certificate.
The Editors reserve the right to reject papers without sending them out for review.
Authors should prepare their manuscripts according to the instructions given in the authors' guidelines. Manuscripts which do not conform to the format and style of the Journal may be returned to the authors for revision or rejected. The Journal reserves the right to make any further formal changes and language corrections necessary in a manuscript accepted for publication so that it conforms to the formatting requirements of the Journal.